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In environmental law, the polluter pays principle is enacted to make the party responsible for producing pollution responsible for paying for the damage done to the natural environment. It is regarded as a regional custom because of the strong support it has received in most Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and European Community (EC) countries. The polluter pays principle underpins environmental policy such as an ecotax, which, if enacted by government, deters and essentially reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Some eco-taxes underpinned by the polluter pays principle include: the Gas Guzzler Tax, in US, Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE)- a "polluter pays" fine. The U.S. Superfund law requires polluters to pay for cleanup of hazardous waste sites, when the polluters can be identified.〔U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Washington, DC (1996).("The Buck Stops Here: Polluters are Paying for Most Hazardous Waste Cleanups." ) ''Superfund Today'' (newsletter). Document No. EPA-540-K-96/004. June 1996.〕 The Polluter pays principle is also known as extended producer responsibility (EPR). This is a concept that was probably first described by Thomas Lindhqvist for the Swedish government in 1990.〔The International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics at Lund University, Sweden (2000).("Extended Producer Responsibility in Cleaner Production" ) Doctoral Dissertation (2000)〕 EPR seeks to shift the responsibility of dealing with waste from governments (and thus, taxpayers and society at large) to the entities producing it. In effect, it internalised the cost of waste disposal into the cost of the product, theoretically meaning that the producers will improve the waste profile of their products, thus decreasing waste and increasing possibilities for reuse and recycling. OECD defines EPR as:
==In international environmental law== In international environmental law it is mentioned in Principle 16 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「polluter pays principle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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